Women and Peace Brocke-Utne

I read this article last night, and I found it to be pretty helpful because it refreshed a lot of terms/ideas that we went over in intro to PACS. I found other parts of the article to be confusing.

The helpful parts were redefining positive and negative peace. Positive peace is when there is absence of direct violence/structural violence and there are desirable conditions. Negative peace is merely the absence of direct violence. An example of structural violence would be the distribution of resources; if you are at the bottom of the 'food chain' so to speak, you have less access to food and health care and thus a higher mortality rate. As I understand, direct violence is violence with intention, like murder/war, but indirect violence is something like a car accident where you don't mean to hurt anybody. Intention matters in labeling violence, but in some cases, I would imagine that it is hard to tell somebody's intention.

I was really confused when reading about the microlevels and macrolevels of peace/violence. The authors discussed where the 'war against women' or women repression would fit in, and I'm not quite sure where it does after reading the article. Is the fact that a large number of men beat their wives an instance of collective violence and societal influences and thus a macrolevel of violence? Or is the fact that there is no open war against women make in a microlevel of violence?